Which physiological test is often used as a newborn hearing screening?

Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs) is a physiological test commonly used for newborn hearing screening because it is quick, non-invasive, and highly effective in detecting cochlear (inner ear) function. This method involves measuring sound waves that are produced by the inner ear, specifically by the outer hair cells in the cochlea, in response to auditory stimuli. If these emissions are present, it generally indicates normal cochlear function and suggests that the hearing pathways from the ear to the brain are intact.

The OAE test is particularly advantageous in newborns, as it does not require active participation from the baby and can be conducted while they are asleep. The immediate results can help healthcare providers quickly identify those who may need further audiological evaluation.

While other tests like Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) also assess hearing in newborns and can provide valuable information about the auditory pathways, OAEs are specifically designed for efficient screening in this population. Other methods, such as Behavior Observation Audiometry and Visual Reinforcement Audiometry, rely on behavioral responses and are not typically used for newborn screening due to the challenges in obtaining reliable responses from infants. Therefore, OAEs stand out as the preferred option for newborn hearing screening.